A Gray Atmosphere By Edgar Alan Poe - 1404 Words

A Gray Atmosphere Edgar Alan Poe is the father of Dark Romanticism. He brought out the ‘gothic’ of literature and with that said not many of his pieces had a happy ending. When thinking of Poe a chill comes over me, the brute force, imagery and vocabulary that he used was enough to make any reader shudder, yet keep reading. Poe talks of dark things such as murder, insanity and betrayal; he certainly had a different perspective when it came to writing. The culture and ethical value in his stories contribute and give imagery to the events that his characters endure. You wouldn’t expect revenge to be going on during such a joyous time. Carnival is a celebration of life that is found in many countries throughout the world. During Carnival†¦show more content†¦Poe left his education behind in order to pursue two goals; become a famous writer and find great adventure. He did accomplish his two goals, the first by publishing his first book â€Å"Tamerlane† at the age of eighteen, and the second by enlisting in the United States Army. Although his career in the Army was short lived, during an assignment in 1827 he found the inspiration for one of his most grossing and vengeful stories, â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†. During his service Poe was a private at Castle Island, South Boston Massachusetts, while there he saw a statue of the late Lieutenant Robert Massie. He later learned that Massie perished in a sword fight against Lieutenant Gustavus Drane in 1817. According to the legend the Poe was told, in order to get revenge against Drane for killing Massie, his soldiers got Drane intoxicated, lead him to a dungeon and sealed him alive behind a vault. However, the legend is merely a tall tale. Drane was court-martialed and acquitted for the killing and he lived until 1846. â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† was published in 1846 and is known to this day to be a horrid tale of revenge, murder and mortality. Edgar Allan Poeâ⠂¬â„¢s last short story following his death several years later takes place in an Italian city during sometime in the 19th century; the specific city and year are not

African American Life Before and After Emancipation Essay

African American Life Before and After Emancipation Slavery was an intrinsic part of North American history from the founding of the Jamestown colony in 1607 to the legal abolition of servitude in 1865. But our nation continues to grapple with the economic, political, social, and cultural impact of that peculiar institution to this day. Over seventy years after the end of the Civil War, the WPA Federal Writer’s Project sought to understand the impact which slavery had on the lives of African Americans who once lived under its yoke. In 1936-38, the Writer’s Project sent out-of-work writers to seventeen states to record the personal narratives of former slaves; the result was an outpouring of nearly 3,000 stories from†¦show more content†¦In order to understand the ways in which emancipation failed to provide a new support system for African Americans in the South, it is first necessary to understand what their lives were like before emancipation. According to their own statements regarding their age at the ti me of the interviews, the men and women in the Mississippi narratives were between the ages of 5 and 43 at the time of emancipation; over 40% of them were over the age of 18 in 1865. In general, the former slaves recalled a high quality of life during â€Å"slav’ry times;†[2] in fact, many former slaves said that their masters had provided for them better then than they could provide for themselves now.[3] The narratives generally confirm Peter Kolchin’s assertion in American Slavery that slaves were better off materially in the antebellum period, as paternalistic masters paid more attention to their food, housing, clothing, and health needs.[4] Most of the former slaves recalled having plenty to eat, especially at special times like Christmas.[5] In general, the slave quarters were set at some distance from the master’s house and were crude but adequate wooden structures. On most plantations, each family had their own house, while on others, slaves lived communally in one or more large buildings.[6] The slaves generally wore homespun cloth and received a new set of clothing each year.[7] Healthcare was decent and blended a mix of herbal remedies concocted by the slavesShow MoreRelatedAfrican Americans During The Reconstruction Era1629 Words   |  7 PagesReconstruction era, African Americans faced many obstacles on their way to success. Reconstruction of the United States refers to the remodeling that took place after the civil war. The country was injured in all areas. Its society, economy and physical structure had been In January of 1863; President Abraham Lincoln lifted the chains off thousands of African Americans’ shoulders by releasing the Emancipation Proclamation. Unfortunately, this relief was short-winded. The Emancipation Proclamation statedRead MoreAfrican Americans During The Civil War1423 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Americans were a very important addition to the American Civil War such as fighting and spying for both the north and the south sides. The American Civil War was a war fought in the United States between the North and South states. The war was from 1861-1865 and was because the South wanted to establish itself as a separate nation. The northern states were called the Union and the southern states were called the Confederate. Between the north and south states were the Border States, whichRead MoreThe Moral Qualities Of The Early Years Of African Americans976 Words   |  4 Pages Emancipation did not necessarily create a substantial life for African Americans. A few conflicting ideas that determined the moral qualities of the early years was de facto slavery, social aspects of emancipation, and political aspects of emancipation. The result of these concepts deterred growth for African Americans and white supremacy continued to take over the African American community. These conflicting ideas essentially exemplifies emancipation being a â€Å"process† and not a â€Å"moment†, becauseRead MoreThe Role of African-Americans in the Abolition of Slavery683 Words   |  3 PagesPresentation: The role of African-Americans in the abolition of slavery According to Ira Berlins essay The role of African-Americans in the abolition of slavery, despite the role of slavery in causing the American Civil War, Northerners and Southerners alike did not envision slaves having a viable role in fighting for their freedom. However, as the war progressed, it became increasingly clear that slaves could play a role in the conflict to help the Northern side. The Emancipation Proclamation and theRead MoreAmerican War And The American Civil War1551 Words   |  7 PagesNorth and the South which then caused the Southern states of America to decide to leave the American Union and create their own Southern Confederacy. This tore our nation apart. The American Civil War had begun and the very people that were once neighbors had each other’s blood on their hands. Many American lives had been lost. The American lives lost in the Civil War even exceeded the number of American lives lost during World War I and World War II. We were divided. The North wanted to reuniteRead MoreBlack Folk, W. B. Du Bois1447 Words   |  6 Pagescolor-line. The color line is a metaphor for the segregation within the African-American and Caucasian community The Veil refers to the community of African-American’s in the past (during slavery), present (post emancipation), and future. The color-line is used to describe the racial segregation between African-American’s and Caucasian’s post-emancipation, and because of this divide in the United States the African-American Community cannot therefore strive to become equal with Caucasian societyRead MoreThe Civil War Of African Americans1010 Words   |  5 Pagesthe life for a slave during the mid-late nineteenth century. For an African American, the word â€Å"life† evolved from a word that meant absolutely nothing, to a word that stood for an individual’s highest commodity. After the civil war, emancipation for slaves transformed from a dream to a reality. Although t he civil war finally ended in 1865 after four years of fighting, certain citizens and groups across the nation still remained in a state if disagreement with the freedom granted to African AmericansRead MoreThe American Civil War1418 Words   |  6 PagesGuns fired, smoke lingering in the air, people dying. The American Civil War had a huge impact on the United States. Two compromises took place before the start of the Civil War. These compromises include the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. The Missouri Compromise dealt with the crisis in 1819 over Missouri entering the Union as a slave state. The compromise was â€Å"the first major crisis over slavery, and it shattered a tacit agreement between the two regions that had been in placeRead MoreEssay on American Civil War and Fugitive Slave Act743 Words   |  3 PagesWithout Submission, Emancipation Without Freedom,† of A People’s History of the United States, Howard Zinn takes about the slave rebellio ns, abolition movement, the Civil War, and these effects on African Americans. Zinn included this chapter to explain the life of African Americans before and after the Civil War and their treatment accordingly. Howard Zinn explains how the life of an African American remained cruel and taken advantage of through explaining the life of a slave before the War and thenRead MoreThe Civil War Was A Troubling Time For America864 Words   |  4 Pagesto identify how it would deal with states’ rights, taxation and law. Although the US had established its self as a Union of states under a central government, the concept of individual governing bodies and rebellion was still fresh in the minds of American States. While many compromises were offered to settle differences between the industrial North and agrarian South, Compromise failed and Southern States left the union; succession caused a bloody war that look many lives, destroyed the economy of

Research Decision Theory and Pilot Testing Free Essays

Chapter 4 Terms in Review 1. Some questions are answerable by research and others are not. Using some management problems of your choosing, distinguish between them. We will write a custom essay sample on Research: Decision Theory and Pilot Testing or any similar topic only for you Order Now When management wants to find out which method of a production process is the most efficient in terms of operational productivity we can use research to provide usable results. When management wants to know if now is a good time to take on debt for equipment upgrades is, research may not be able to provide usable results. Due to the extensive number of variables affecting financing decisions research will likely not be able to assist in this decision. The current market conditions, economy, interest rates, industry competition, and many other items require a type of analysis that research can not provide. 2. Discuss the problems of trading off exploration and pilot testing under tight budgetary constraints. What are the immediate and long-term effects? The text discussed that often pilot testing is not done to both reduce costs and also to reduce the total research time. Not conducting pilot testing can then immediately progress the research process or reduce the total cost of the research but it can possibly have negative long-term effects. By not conducting pilot testing your research results may suffer because the proper information is not being gathered. A pilot test often provides indication of problems with the data gathering process. There may also be an overall increased cost with no additional benefit when no pilot testing has been completed. The pilot test can not only indicate incorrect information be gathered but can also provide some indication as to whether the proper research questions have been asked. When the research questions being asked do not answer the true management questions then the conducted research will be useless. Useless research is a wasted expense. Pilot testing can indicate whether more in-depth research is required thus providing a possible cost reduction or a better justification for proceeding with a higher cost project. 3. A company is experiencing a poor inventory management situation and receives alternative research proposals. Proposal 1 is to use an audit of last year’s transactions as a basis for recommendations. Proposal 2 is to study and recommend changes to the procedures and system used by the materials department. Discuss issues of evaluation in terms of (a) Ex post facto versus prior evaluation, and (b) Evaluation using option analysis and decision theory. Both of these proposals are going to be quite difficult to evaluate. The need of the research will determine which method will be followed. Ex post factor or after-the-fact evaluation will determine the total cost of each proposal after the research studies are completed. This makes it quite difficult to determine whether the research is providing enough benefit to make it worthwhile until after the cost has been incurred. Thus for either of these systems it may be a better decision to proceed with a prior or interim evaluation method. Under this method the research is designed in stages and an ex post facto evaluation is performed at the end of each stage. Then a determination is made deciding if enough benefit has been generated to proceed to the next stage thus allowing management to get results while also controlling cost. Option analysis may also be used to evaluate the two proposed studies. With option analysis the studies are designed in a very explicit manner thus allowing an organization to compare estimated costs (based on prior research approximations) versus an expected benefit. Management will then select one proposal over another depending on the cost benefit ratio and current need. Decision theory allows management to make decisions based on defined criteria. Each criterion consists of a decision rule and a decision variable. The selection process then consists of analysis determining which proposal either increases the decision variable or which follows the decision rule. This information is considered with a choice being determined by the rules and current management need. How to cite Research: Decision Theory and Pilot Testing, Essays

Reflection on Palliative Care-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write a reflective essay about how to provide the best holistic end of life care to a patient while managing my own personal values and beliefs and how that will effect my patient. Answer: Palliative care can be defined as the multidisciplinary approach that is adopted by a specialized medical as well as nursing care team to provide best care to patients who are suffering from life limiting illness. This type of care mainly provides more importance to undertaking of care plans that helps patients to get relief from different types of symptoms like pain, mental stress and physical stress of any terminal diagnosis (Weiner et al., 2015). This type of care mainly helps in affirming life and regards dying as normal procedure of life. This type of care signifies the importance of quality of life of the patient making the patient more comfortable in his condition without taking any interventions that will hasten or postpone the death of the individual patients (Davis et al., 2015). This assignment will mainly be a reflective piece that will describe the best approach for caring of such patients. It will also show how my reflection on personal beliefs will help in developing m yself as an effective care provider who is not only culturally competent but also provide effective proper holistic care for the patient. A number of aspects should be incorporated in the care plan for the terminally ill patients. The best approach of holistic care for such patients would primarily focus on the open and sensitive communication about the persons prognosis and illness trajectory. This open discussion should incorporate discussions about all the changes that the patients and their family members have to make in their lives. This communication should be empathetic and compassionate and effective communication would help the service providers to not feel depressed or broken down due to limitation of certain activities. The better the communication skills of the nursing professionals, the client and family members would be able to better cope with the sacrifices of their pleasures and activities (Pratt Wood, 2015). The second aspect of the care plan should be proper development of advanced care plans that would include proper discussion of the range of treatments that are available and setting of different goals. The third important attribute for developing the best holistic approach to end of life care of patients is the adopting a psychosocial and spiritual support. This would help the individuals as well s their families to struggles with any issues related to illness like management of grief, depression, fear and many others. The fourth important aspect would be effective pain management s well as symptom management. Many researchers are of the opinion that psychosocial and spiritual needs of the clients are very necessary to be met in this form of care as other forms of care are less concerned in interacting with the patients regarding the truth of dying and making patients well adapted to the feeling and consequences of being affected by life terminating illness. The best approach should be such where the healthcare professionals engage in psychological, social and spiritual care of the patients (Kelly Morrison, 2015). By this approach, they would be able to handle successfully the spiritual distress that patients with such illness face during their end days of their lives. Spiritual distress is mainly related with the dying person; life story, their emotional connections associated with other people, place and events in their lives which they can experience no more (Zimmerman, 2016). Helping them to overcome their feeling of isolation, disconnectedness, demoralizing behavior, sense of hopelessness and others from their struggling with life through effective therapies, counseling, discussions and interactions would help them in overcoming poor quality life and develop high quality life. The healthcare professionals would adopt a holistic care approach that would help in addressing all the important domains like medical, nursing, social, psychological, cultural and spiritual aspects of the patients. After going through a number of articles about the importance of personal beliefs and values of nurses in palliative care, I have been able to develop huge amount of knowledge about how to restrict their own beliefs and values in overpowering the compassionate care for the patient. One of my most disadvantageous attribute is that I often tend to become culturally biased. This might affect my service delivery as this can affect my attitudes and behaviors while caring for people in palliative care who are from diverse backgrounds (Kavalieratos et al., 2016). Therefore, I have decided to be very careful about my cultural competence skills and develop my cultural awareness. It is very important for nursing professionals to develop an environment of cultural safety that is respectful of culture and belief of the individuals whom I am providing care. It is extremely important for such individuals that I provide importance to their religions, spiritual beliefs and other rituals so that they can be happy and satisfied. Such patients at their end of life can suffer from a number of emotions like anxiety, loneliness, depression and anger (Fox et al., 2016). Therefore, I believe that I need to develop proper values and beliefs that help me to handle such patients effectively. My values would comprise of a caring attitude that would involve sensitivity, empathy and compassion that would demonstrate concerns for the individuals. I should also develop the value by which I will be concerned about all the aspects of the patients suffering and not only medical, nursing, social or other work problems. I should develop a non-judgmental approach. Non-judgmental approach would mainly follow a method where the personality, intellect, ethnic origin, religious belief or any other individual factors do not prejudice the delivery of optimal care of the patients. Moreover another important value that I already possess and which would further help me in providing the best care to these pa tients is my individual curiosity. Researchers are of the opinion that practice of palliative care by categorization of the patients by their underlying disorders depending upon the similarity of the medical conditions encountered is not appropriate (VanderSteen et al., 2014). This approach fails to recognize the psychosocial features as well as the problems that make every patient a unique individual. I already hold the belief that every individual is different and they require different aids and support although they may be affected with same disorder. I also understand that this unique characteristic has the capacity to influence the suffering as well as needs of the patient largely during the time of planning the palliative care for the individual patients. Another belief that I also possess and is essential for better quality care of the patient is taking consent of the patient. Taking consent and making the patient an active participant in shared decision-making maintain the d ignity of the patient and make them happy, as they feel respected in their dependent life (Oliver et al., 2016). However, I need to work on my cultural competence values as I have come to know that different ethical, racial, religious and other natural factors have profound effect on the suffering of the patient. Therefore, I need to develop values by which I can respect the cultural differences and plan the treatment in a culturally sensitive manner. Apart from all these, I should also put importance to effective communication. Many researchers are of the opinion that effective communication has the capability to overcome strenuous situations faced by the patients psychologically and spiritually and therefore, I should also engage myself in interacts with them with proper communication skills. Therefore, from the entire discussion, above, it becomes clear that palliative care is a form of care that is quite different from acute or chronic care as it does not hasten or postpone death. It mainly helps patients to love netter quality lives in the end days of their life. The best form of care should involve aspects of all the important domains like medical, nursing, social, psychological, cultural and spiritual aspects of the patients to relieve them from suffering. Effective communication, cultural consideration, consent, caring attitude and consideration of individuality should be maintained by me to provide the best quality care. References: Davis, M. P., Temel, J. S., Balboni, T., Glare, P. (2015). A review of the trials which examine early integration of outpatient and home palliative care for patients with serious illnesses.Annals of palliative medicine,4(3), 99-121. Fox, S., Cashell, A., Kernohan, W. G., Lynch, M., McGlade, C., OBrien, T., ... Timmons, S. (2016). Interviews with Irish healthcare workers from different disciplines about palliative care for people with Parkinsons disease: a definite role but uncertainty around terminology and timing.BMC palliative care,15(1), 15. Kavalieratos, D., Corbelli, J., Zhang, D., Dionne-Odom, J. N., Ernecoff, N. C., Hanmer, J., ... Morton, S. C. (2016). Association between palliative care and patient and caregiver outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Jama,316(20), 2104-2114. Kelley, A. S., Morrison, R. S. (2015). Palliative care for the seriously ill.New England Journal of Medicine,373(8), 747-755. Oliver, D. J., Borasio, G. D., Caraceni, A., Visser, M., Grisold, W., Lorenzl, S., ... Voltz, R. (2016). A consensus review on the development of palliative care for patients with chronic and progressive neurological disease.European journal of neurology,23(1), 30-38. Pratt, M., Wood, M. (2015).Art therapy in palliative care: The creative response. Routledge. van der Steen, J. T., Radbruch, L., Hertogh, C. M., de Boer, M. E., Hughes, J. C., Larkin, P., ... Koopmans, R. T. (2014). White paper defining optimal palliative care in older people with dementia: a Delphi study and recommendations from the European Association for Palliative Care.Palliative medicine,28(3), 197-209. Wiener, L., Weaver, M. S., Bell, C. J., Sansom-Daly, U. M. (2015). Threading the cloak: palliative care education for care providers of adolescents and young adults with cancer.Clinical oncology in adolescents and young adults,5, 1. Zimmermann, C., Swami, N., Krzyzanowska, M., Leighl, N., Rydall, A., Rodin, G., ... Hannon, B. (2016). Perceptions of palliative care among patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers.Canadian Medical Association Journal, cmaj-151171.

Who Will Help You an Example by

Who Will Help You? If you fell off a bike, or be run over by a car, who would help you? Chances are there wouldnt be anybody to help you. But dont equate it with hostile people; most of the not helping incidents are actually effects of people deciding whether or not to help. The time that should have devoted to helping were spent on contemplating to help or not. Need essay sample on "Who Will Help You?" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed In the Moriarty study, it was found out that commitment to the victims before the incident(s) (e.g. burglary, murder) will mostly determine whether or not people will you. Two experiments were conducted in the study. The first experiment was done in the Jones Beach, New York where cases of thefts were staged. The results showed that only 23 out of the 40 subjects who noticed the theft were responsive and tried to catch the thief. Meanwhile, the second experiment was done in two Automat eateries. The results showed that nine (56%) out of the 16 subjects who noticed the theft was responsive to the robbery. The results of the two experiments showed that people who have had prior contact with the victim will usually respond. This prior commitment to the victim, if the need should arise, was termed as prior decision. One of the reasons of helping is because they feel personally responsible, if only little. The second is that the subject appreciates the trust put in him by the victim. Another is because the subject may feel psychological dissonance if his/her overt behavior does not comply with his/her spoken statements. And the last reason is to avoid being blamed for letting the incident happen (Moriarty, 1975, p. 376). (please insert how experiment was performed here) In the experiment, nine out of the ten subjects looked at the stimulus person. In the no physical contact (NPC) condition, only one subject out of the five did not look at the stimulus person while all the subjects in the direct physical contact (DPC) condition looked. The one who did not look was a female. This might be due to several or a combination of reasons. One reason might be because there was no direct physical contact involved, the subject had no reason to look at stimulus generator. Except for the one who ignored the stimulus person, all other subjects helped. Everybody in the DPC condition helped the subjects while only one in the NPC condition did not help the subject. Six out of the ten subjects spoke to the stimulus generator. Only one out of the five DPC subjects did not speak to the stimulus person. In the NPC condition, three out of the five subjects did not speak to the stimulus person as they were picking up the books. One of the reason for this was because the stimulus person was a female and the subject was also a female as females do not tend to help other females. Another one might be because the subject, in the first place, was already ignored. The subjects in the DPC conditions were also recorded to be friendlier than the subjects in the NPC condition. In the DPC condition, four out of five subjects were friendly while in the NPC condition, only two out of the five subjects were friendly. If the direct contact prior to the accident be interpreted as a prior commitment to the stimulus person, then the data supports the hypothesis that persons with commitment to the victim/subject prior to the incident has tendency to help the victim/subject. All the DPC persons helped the subject to pick up her books. On the other hand, not all of the subjects in the NPC condition picked up the stimulus persons books. If the direct contact is interpreted as a prior commitment to the victim, then we could say that the subjects in the DPC condition helped because of the reasons cited above by Moriarty. There were also differences between males and females helping out the victims however, the difference is not significant as there was only one person, a female, who did not help the stimulus person. Out of all the persons who helped the stimulus person, six of them The study was not able to utilize a male stimulus person so observing whether males tended to help other males more or vice versa is not applicable. However, it was observed that both males and females help females. It was further observed that of the six persons who spoke to the stimulus person, four of them were males. The hypothesis of this study does not completely refute that of Moriartys however it also does not completely agree with it. One of the alternative hypotheses the study proposes is that the help extended will also be in contrast to the amount of effort to be exerted by the subject. That is to say, the more effort the subject will have to exert, the less the possibility of the compliance with the request. For example, if the subject is asked to pick up a book in front of him, it is likely that s/he will pick it up. However, if a subject is asked to pick up a book that was dropped somewhere in the room, it is likely that the subject will think about it first. Another criterion is the degree of favor to be asked from the subject. If, for example, a subject was asked to pick up a book in front of him, then the subject is most likely to respond positively to the request. If, for example however, the subject was asked to pursue a suspect in a robbery, as was the case in the second, it is more likely that the subject will negatively respond to the request. The experiment conducted in this study showed a 90% rate of success as opposed to Moriartys second experiment which showed only 56% rate of success. And the third criterion is whether or not the subject is alone or with somebody. There might be different results if the subject were all by himself than if say the subject were with his gang members or his/her girl/boyfriend. There may also be other variables not taken into consideration while making this study. The use of male stimulus person was one and this study further recommends that another study be made utilizing a male stimulus person. It is also recommended that this study and the proposed study be counter evaluated to produce a more accurate result in relation to the same sex or opposite sex functions of this study. Another variable that might have affected this study is that other people in the test may have passed by before an earlier test was being conducted. That is, a subject has already seen the test before and is already conscious of the on-going test. The subject was already sensitized to the test and has therefore produced the desired effects, or at least the perceived desired effects, of the experimenters. The test the subject has previously seen may or may not be the ones conducted by this study. The subject may have passed other studies, like the experiment in this study, conducted by other groups. The subject may then be sensitized to the study conducted on this experiment. References Moriarty, Thomas. (1975) Crime, commitment and the responsive bystander: two field experiments. Journal of Personality and Social Pschology, Volume 31 (2), pages 370-376.

Islamic banking sector

Islamic banking sector Abstract Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), has a vibrant Islamic banking sector. The region has over 50 banks with upwards of 40 foreign banks office representatives. Largely oil revenues fuel the United Arab Emirates economy, which serves as an enhancement for profitability of these banks.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Islamic banking sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The key aspects of the Islamic banks in the region are the profit and loss sharing, transparent dealing, lack of interest, lack of speculation and no gambling. The banks also do not deal with unethical business and have just policies of employment. Dubai bank is the example used to support the Islamic bank concept in the Middle East. Many previous works have been undertaken in this field with no clear-cut research on its drawbacks. This document aims to support research on the customer perspective of the benefits and loops of the Isl amic banking concept. Customers of the Islamic banks weigh various options while considering the services offered. The banks are non-remunerative with extra returns for depositors of deposit accounts. There is greater risk in adjusted returns for customers who invest in Islamic banks indices. This study aims to characterize the problems endured by the Islamic banks and together with their customers. Secondary data studies were used as customer sample from Dubai bank. Findings will indicate the problems encountered by the Islamic banks. The study will look into the legal system, political issues, risks, low profitability, loans, lending rates, management and limited transparency. The quality of service that is offered and client problems will also be looked into. Introduction Background Information The new millennia brought in new features and changes in the banking industry key of them being banking systems. The tremendous changes in the industry can be linked to the need for better customer friendly service.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These custom-made changes were to aligned to maintain completion with other institutions in the same field and keep up with economic and political developments globally. The Islamic banks were developed due to religious requirements; hence, the competitive edge in the global field was edged out. The Islamic banks cannot compete globally and are ranked poorly out of the top hundred brackets. It is inevitable for the Islamic banking industry to explore future limits for a clearer vision to predict challenges obstacles and effective counter measures. Most of these banks operate well in specific environments. It is estimated that Islamic banking systems manage over US$ 250 billion with clientele around the world. Their client base is not restricted to Muslim countries but is spread well over Europe. The Isl amic banking system continues to grow tremendously. There are more than 260 worldwide Islam financial institutions in operation. Dubai Islamic Bank is the first fully-fledged Islamic bank. It has combined the best Islamic values and their traditional values as well. This is coupled with advanced technology and innovations of modern banking at its best. Dubai Islamic Bank was formed in 1975 and is established as a leader in the field of Islamic banking. The trend of Islamic banking is on the rise in the Arab world, and the Dubai Bank is a front-runner for others. Islamic banking is the fastest-growing economic agent in the world that comprises of many institutions with billions of dollars in assets under management. The role of Dubai Islamic Bank is impressive and the bank is true to its clients and roots. It is religiously and customer-centered institution with personal service and understanding. Significance of the study This study is vital for it will create information on the Isl amic bank clients’ reaction towards the Islamic institutions system of banking. The main consideration is the prohibiting of interest generation as per Islamic laws. The study is also aimed to provide more information on client benefits in the Islamic system compared to those in conventional systems of banking.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Islamic banking sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The benefits of the Islamic banking system are also subject to customer satisfaction, therefore, it is vital that the customers opinion on this area be viewed which the study aims to do. The study aims to make contributions, based on client responses, to socio-economic grasp on the Islamic banking systems and assist the clients make decisions on which system comprehensive choice in conventional systems of banking or Islamic systems of banking. Problem Statement The key aspects of the Islamic systems of banking in the region are the profit and loss sharing, transparent dealing, lack of interest, lack of speculation and no gambling. The banks also do not deal with unethical business and have just policies of employment Dubai bank is the example used to support the Islamic bank concept in the Middle East. Many previous works have been undertaken in this field with no clear-cut research on its drawbacks. This document aims to support research on the customer perspective of the benefits and loops of the Islamic banking concept. Customers of the Islamic banks weigh various options while considering the services offered. The banks are non-remunerative with extra returns for depositors of deposit accounts. There is greater risk in adjusted returns for customers who invest in Islamic banks indices. The findings of the study will aim to assist clients and potential clients make a clear decision on the banking systems. The Islamic banks are flourishing due to demand rather than supply. Therefore, thei r customer feedback will give a clear picture of customer satisfaction. This will assist it attaining indicator from the banks growth. Sharia laws have been enforced in many Arab nations and its teachings and laws propel more and more Muslims to be clients of the Islamic banking systems. This can be seen as the driving factor to the banks development.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This will therefore, mean that the banks are profiting from a client base that dejects it. The faith based concept of the Islamic banking system drives of many potential non-Muslim clients. The fact that religious wars in Islam have caused many grievances to the rest of the society, many perceive association of the banks with funding of unjustified holy wars. The concept of behind running the Islamic banks is a key indicator of the clients’ belief in the system. If the clients do not comprehend the working of the system, they will feel oppressed in that their money does not earn interest and yet the banks gain from their deposits. Policies of customer assistance in Islamic products will seek to address their reaction towards the Islamic system and the understanding of its functionality. Objective of the Study The general objective of this comprehensive study is to examine the customer awareness of Islamic systems of banking; this will look into their reaction of the performan ce and profit-and-loss sharing and recommendations for improvement generated. Specific Objectives To understand the customer reaction towards the Islam banking system To create recommendations of Islamic banking improvement based of the client feedback Hypotheses What are the customers’ views on Islamic banking system? In which way do the Islamic banking clients want their banking institution to change? Literature Review Islamic banking uses the principle of moneys not earning interest (Duncan 97). This ban is based upon Islamic ruling called Shariah. Since Muslims are not allowed to gain or pay interest, they are cannot conduct business with many conventional banks. To service the Muslim market, Islamic institutions of banking developed a wide range of financing instruments that do not gain interest (halal). The halal conforms to the Shariah ruling and is acceptable to the Muslim fraternity. Many Arabians before Islam, and later in Islam practiced this interest-free conc ept. For centuries, the banking system was used on a small scale, in the early 1970’s its commercial application started being used in the public domain. From this time, the concept has become a worldwide phenomenon. The concept has succeeded in many Islam countries, hence, the study on customer opinion and recommendations on growth. The lack of awareness of the key principle is the main point behind the constricted growth. The system would have achieved worldwide success amongst non Muslim and Muslims if the principles were highlighted clearly to impending clients. The religious concept has kept constricting the growth of the institution. Several surveys have been undertaken in the area to assist researchers understand the attitudes towards Islamic banking systems (Gafoor 69). These researches provide useful background information in the area of study. Most of these researches show that the client would generally be accepting of the Islamic banking systems if they were educa ted on their policies. Better understanding of their policies would establish a good relationship between clients and the organization. Ghannadian (41) conducted a study on perceptions customers toward Islamic banking in Malaysia. Many respondents proclaimed the main reasons for Islamic banking selection are based equally on economic considerations and religion. Majority of the clients also found the marketing of the product to be vague. The media has also errantly portrayed the Islamic banking concept. The international media perception of the Islamic banking system is hostile and undermining according to Arab news chief editor. Despite this fact, many respondents of that study believed that the industry had grown tremendously. Ghannadian (32) put forward that Islamic banking organizations should tremendously improve their services for customers satisfaction in their wants and requirements. In another study, quality of service is portrayed to be very important as an indicator for c ustomer understanding and customer satisfaction. Quality service delivery as per to customers expectations is vital. Gounaris (64) looked into the quality of service in the banking industry in greece and found an alternating influence per dimension of quality of service to the customer satisfaction. To retain the long-term customers and maintain an edge in the market service quality, it is vital and the key differentiation. In the financial sector, understanding customer’s expectations and needs is essential as a prerequisite. In Dubai, customer perception of quality of service is significantly different from conventional banks in the Islamic banking system. There are four dimensions reflected when comparing the Islamic banking systems and conventional system of banking. The values, image, reliability and personal skills are significant for the running of the conventional banking system. On the other hand, only value and skills are important in the Islamic banking system. Bet ter service delivery will in turn generate a lot o satisfied clients and consequent growth of the organization and its concepts. There were investigations by Boyd on selection criteria used by the institution. He based the ideas on demography and found many differences in quality of service and demography. In Muslim countries, males are made to do the financial obligations. Methodology There is a requirement for convincing evidence base to carry out this study. The evidence will guide the general process that generates the document. This process will use information sources extensively utilizing both traditional and other sources. It will make sure that adequate resources and information on Islamic banking systems is sort from a large collection of literature on the subject matter. To gain the objectives targeted, a process will be put in place that fast tracks attainment materials. These processes will be interlinked, for efficiently generated information. The process will involve both quantitative methods and qualitative methods for the generation of information. The qualitative methods will entail Methods used quantitatively will entail the following: Desk reviews of important data and previously complied reports available to gain a variety of aspects to be analyzed. No Main Objective Approaches for methodology 1 Undertake a critical, elaborate and comprehensive analysis of the present customer opinions on Islamic banking system Desk review and analysis of available data Literature reviews 2 Develop key recommendations on issues affecting Islamic banking systems Literature review The process will need consideration before hand of data available and more information on the Islamic banks to assess their quality, efficiency and effectiveness. Study Design This will be a descriptive study. It will also contain cross-sectional study to determine the opinions of customers on Islamic banking systems. The study targets customers of Dubai bank in the Unite d Arab Emirates. The Study Population The study will target a general cross-section of customers of the Islamic banks. This is to attain first hand information from the situation experienced by customers of these banks. A specific target population of customers of the Islamic bank of Dubai will be used. Sample size Determination There will be a sample size of 500 Islamic bank customers.The sample size will be determined using Fisher et al, (1999) formula, i.e. n =Z ²*pq/d ². Where n is the needed sample size, z is the normal standard deviate which is given as a constant of 3.24 which corresponds to 99% confidence interval, p is percentage of targetable customers. This gives a prevalence of 45% d is the degree of accuracy, and q is given as (1-p) which is 1-0.45=0.55 The sample size will be based on the precision (p- value = 0.45), and so n= {(3.24) ²*0.045*0.55}/ 0.05 ² n= 380 The sample size is increased to 600 in order to account for potential missing clients, refusals, an d spoilt questionnaires. (5% of 380) Data collection instruments The study will utilize highly structured interviewer administered questionnaires will be used. The tool will be subdivided into sections. It will be written both in multiple languages including Arabic and English. Pre-Testing of Tools The data collection tool will be pre-tested in selected areas in to assess its effectiveness and the feedback from the pre-test will be used to make the necessary adjustments on the tool. Training of Research Assistants To ensure quality data is collected, the researcher will recruit exceptionally qualified local enumerators. They will be trained for 4 days to attain certain skills and knowledge required to enable them produces results. They will be made familiar with interview conditions and variables being studied. They will be taken through interview schedules, question by question and they will be shown how to conduct interviews. Data Analysis Different analytical techniques will be u sed. The analysis on the awareness level on cervical cancer among women will be analysed using percentages. This approach has been used to explain the determinants of customer relations in Islamic banks in India. Relationships between categories of variables will be analysed using the Chi-square test. Chi-square testing has been used to explain relationship of determinants of willingness to go for screening for breast cancer among women in United Kingdom (Bose 68). The data analysis was both manual and electronic. The initial exercise of the data analysis started with the harmonization of dummy tables required to guide on the variables for electronic manipulation. Frequencies of identified variables were run in SPSS some of which were exported to Microsoft Excel for generation of graphs and charts. Various variables were also summarized manually in tables to assist in the analysis. Data Computerization and Verification I entered the data. Data was entered into Key Informant Questio nnaire (KHI) files. Quality control was conducted by systematic checking for outliers, coding errors, and impossible results. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for data analysis. Data cleaning At the end, of the data collection Manual data cleaning of questionnaires’ conducted. All queries and concerns were harmonized to ensure uniformity as prepared to develop the data entry screen. Data entry screen Data entry and manipulation was to be done in the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS). The screen merged and harmonized into one Master sheet. Data entry Data entry was conducted. All the entered data was merged into one data set Master sheet. Ethical Considerations The research will be presented to Universities administration for clearance and approval. The document will be presented to other interested stakeholders. Participants in the research will be required to consent to participate. The purpose and objectives of the study, assurance of confidentiality and voluntary participation, anonymity, perceived benefits and possible risks before participating in the study will be explained to them. The participation will be voluntary. Dissemination Plan The result will be disseminated to the University and required Islamic banks institution. Further dissemination shall be through seminar presentations, workshops and report prints Limitations, delimitations and assumptions Assumptions For the project, the researcher assumes that the participants of his survey differ in attitude, experiences and perceptions. Other assumptions are that the participants understand the purpose of the survey and they respond accurately and honestly to the survey. Delimitations The study delimits to a specific banking institution. The customers come from one institution for easier control of participants. Bose, McGee. Islamic Investment: Risks and Returns. New York: Cengage Learning, 2008. Print. Duncan, Edmund. Efficiency, customer service an d financial performance. Dhabi: Inter. J. Bank Mark, 2004). Print. Gafoor , Michael. Commercial Banking Interest-Free. Washington: Noordeen, 2006. print. Ghannadian , Fred. Economy banking development: Islamic banks. New York: Sage, 2004. Print. Gounaris Seth. Service quality: Islamic Banking. New York: Routlegde, 2006. Print.

Disscusion 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Disscusion 3 - Essay Example The second session was easier because I had time to prepare, and I was aware of what to expect, and so I prepared a plan, statements and questions to aid in the therapy. At the end of the termination, I gave the couple some referrals to professional counselors in their area, and these were Carol Erb, Ph.D of Pathways Christian Counseling, Dwight Robinson M.A. and Kim Neese, MA of Professional Counseling. The success that was realized in these sessions was not only because of my counseling skills, but also because of the kind of interventions that I used for the therapy. Some of the approaches I used that worked effectively include assessment of genogram, which involved constituting relevant questions to help obtain relevant information involving each partner’s family history in genealogy, family therapy and treatment, as well as use of questionnaires. Other approaches include, building love maps, which is achieved through constituting question, which will help to gauge knowledge of inner psychological world, fears, joys, hopes and his or her history. This to measure cognitive room partners possess for their relationship, and finally, involve the couple in a conversation session on how they met, what ideologies they share and differs. The PIAR2 Test was the primary assignment that I gave to the couple and as expected it contributed enormously to the intervention and success of achieving counseling goals. The most helpful aspects of the PAIR2 test were the scales, in which the couple showed compatibility and those that they showed extreme disparity. For example, the couple showed disparity in Order and Routine and also Social Status while compatibility was witnessed in Self-Acceptance, Change and Variety, Esthetic Pleasures among others. These helped in exploring the strengths and weaknesses of the parties, and consequently help them understand one

Individual report investigating the mobile phone usage by the UBIC Essay

Individual report investigating the mobile phone usage by the UBIC students - Essay Example The increase in use of smart phones in this institution has grown to the height that is commercially important especially to the mobile manufacturing companies. This was the major reason behind conducting a research on the use of mobile phones in this institution. There were several driving factors towards conducting this kind of research. An escalating use of mobile phones had raised legitimate concerns that were both positive and negative in different ways. Some could be derailing education while others were equally profitable. In the aspect of profitability the use of mobile phones in this institution could be exploited businesswise. This includes; to know if students use mobile phones in the University of Brighton’s International College and the type of mobile phones they use, to know their rate of use of the mobile devices, to determine the impact of the use of mobile phone in this institution, to help know how viable the business of selling mobile phones could be, to gather vital information that could be useful in improving the quality of education in the institution, to determine how various mobile applications are useful to consumers, specifically students and how their usage could lead the growth of mobile business. Several data elicitation methods were put into place with the primary source of data gathering being face to face interview and questionnaire filling in. Nevertheless, every aspect of data gathering methodology was vital in the final report. The following were the methods used in finding out what exactly was going on in the institution. Interview has been one of the major data gathering methodology of all time since it involves one on interaction with the correspondent. This therefore leads to gathering of first hand information that could reflect the true state of the mind of sincere correspondents. In this study thirty students from in The University of Brighton’s International

The Role of Women During World War II Research Paper

The Role of Women During World War II - Research Paper Example However, the high adulation that women have today as the equal of men did not always exist. The Suffragette era saw women fighting to have equal rights and opportunities with their male counterparts. But just like everything else in this world, time and circumstance forced a change in that point of view. When World War II rolled along, the United States government saw shortage in the workforce that has never been equaled since. The only solution to that problem at the time? Hire women to do the job of men. They were the most viable option. They were, the only option. Although the government and the business sector had qualms about hiring women in the workforce, most specially women who were mothers with little children, the existence of huge government contracts in the industrial field of automotive, aviation, and other sectors developed a shortage of workers due to the high volume of men leaving the workforce in order to join the war time efforts of the country. Coupled with the men leaving for war was the fact that the country was gripped by the Great Depression which forced some men out of jobs. With the lessened financial drawing power of the head of the household, most wives and mothers saw it fit to do their part in helping to support their family. So off to work they went. Women became such a huge and integral part of the workforce that the statistics from that era proves that they held important jobs and more than made up for the lack of men in the workforce. Doing jobs that were once reserved only for the brawn of men prior to the changes that wartime brought about (â€Å"Women in World War II†): The entry of married women into the work place caused their percentage of total female employment to grow 28% from 1929 to 1940, particularly women in the 25 to 44 age group increased 13.8%. In total, 50% of the women in the nonagricultural labour force were employed by the clerical and service sectors of the economy, they encompassed the majority of ur ban working-class women. It did not come as a surprise to many that the women who entered the workforce did so successfully during the time. The great sex divide among men and women of the era had the women forcibly relegated to the background, staying at home to tend to the needs of the family. Proir to the war, any woman who was seen as part of the workforce was frowned upon and shunned by men. However, just like all mindsets, the time was ripe for the change in the mindset of the working man when it came to the working woman. The forced expansion in the labor workforce offered the female sector of society a boost in their campaign for equal rights. The government got a boost from the entry of the female workforce who became the backbone of the American economy during the simultanuous battles against Hitler in Europe and Japan in Asia. World War II afforded the women a chance to sieze an opportunity to work in new jobs, learn new skills, and explore new opportunities (â€Å"Partn ers in Winning the War: American Women in World War II†). Although women were truly a â€Å"secret weapon† for the country during the war, the traditionalists in society could not help but worry about what repercussions their serious entry into the workforce would have on the American family dynamic. More specifically, what effect would having a working mother have on the children of the time? Their worry was based on the traditional point of view that saw the women as the beacon of light and guidance in the home without whom its younger members would fall astray. Although there was a small percentage of juvenile delinquency during the time, most of the children of the era knew that there was a battle raging overrseas and their mothers were part of

Defining A Therapeutic Relationship Between Patient And Nurse Nursing Essay

Defining A Therapeutic Relationship Between Patient And Nurse Nursing Essay In this assignment the author is going to explore what is a therapeutic relationship, by defining it and describing what elements and skills are necessary to uphold an efficient therapeutic relationship with a patient. The assignment shall explore how Multi disciplinary teams contribute to achieving a therapeutic relationship. It further will explore what governs a therapeutic relationship according to the code of practice set by the nursing governing body, the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), putting into consideration what is expected from nurses as health professionals. Being Self aware is a crucial attribute in order to maintain a therapeutic relationship, so the writer shall give a brief definition of what self awareness is ,and explain the significance of being self aware within a therapeutic relations and relate it to an incident that happened in practice that made them more self aware. The therapeutic relationship is fundamental to the care of a patient and was described in the 1950s by famous psychotherapist Carl Rodgers .Rogers defines it as a helping relationship, A relationship in which one of the participants intends that there should come about, in one or both parties, more appreciation of, more expression of, more functional use of the latent inner resources of the individual (Rodgers 1961). Other authors have come up with various definitions but they are all closely linked to that of Rodgers, Jane Stein-Parbury (2000) suggests it is unilateral because the nurse maintains most control and it is usually short or average duration, with the patient facing a non threatening situation. However (Stuart 2001) defined a therapeutic relationship As a mutual learning experience and a corrective, emotional experience for the patient (cited in Cutliffe and Mckenna 2005.P.304) For a therapeutic relationship to work effectively, certain elements need to be upheld and followed, such as showing warmth towards your patient, being respectful by showing the patient that they are individual and a unique being. Dignity of the patient puts the patient at ease and they feel more valued and may in turn open up more to the nurse which aids their treatment. Demonstrating professionalism assures the patient that they are in capable hands and will effectively build trust about your capabilities. Carl Rodgers highlighted that the three core components of a therapeutic relationship are empathy, which is defined as: a continuing process whereby the counsellor lay aside her own way of experiencing and perceiving reality, preferring to sense and respond to the experience and perceptions of her client. (Mearns and Thorne, 2005, p.41) Where there is lack of empathy expression, patients may be left with a sense of isolation, which have an effect on their treatment plan. The sec ond crucial element that was highlighted by Rodgers as being essential is having unconditional positive regard towards patients or client which is a label given to the fundamental attitude of the person-centred counsellor towards her client. The counsellor who holds this attitude provides care for the individual irrespective of what beliefs and values the individual (patient) may hold. (Mearns and Thorne,2005 p 64). In other words unconditional positive regards is being non judgmental towards a patient regardless of what the care provider believes or values themselves. Unconditional positive regard should ideally commence on the onset the relationship between patient and nurse. Other elements that constitute a therapeutic relationship include, maintaining confidentiality, and treating people as individuals at all time, good record keeping (NMC 2008). For Therapeutic relationships to be successfully applied and implemented, nurses have to acquire certain skills to achieve this. To instate a strong therapeutic relationship a practitioner should consider their interpersonal communication skills with the patient. There are two forms of interpersonal communication skills, which are non-verbal and verbal communication. Non-verbal communication skills are a very effective way to convey a message, empathy and active listening. Egan formulated a communication tool which aids to effective non-verbal communication skill, the skills are summarized by the acronym SOLER, meaning sitting squarely with an open posture, leaning forward to show your interest maintaining eye contact at all times showing that you are relaxed, not fidgeting nervously. Argyle (1994) suggested the main forms of non-verbal communication as, facial expression, gaze, body movement, gesture, partial behaviour, clothing and behaviour. (Cited by Rana, Upton, 2009, ). Verbal skills are too, an essential part of interpersonal communication, these include techniques such as paraphrasing; this is where by a nurse rephrases what has been stated by the patient into their own words, i.e. by saying in other words. (Jane Stein -Parbury). Other methods of active listening are to parrot what the patient has said; this shows you have clearly heard what they have said. Practitioners should also be able to know when to use open and closed questions in the appropriate manner and time, for this skill can easily perceived as uncaring and unprofessional when not adopted carefully. In conclusion to what has been talked about, nurse and patient should reflect on what they said. Heron (2001) stated that a there are six tools of a clients needs. Herons model has two basic categories, authoritative and facilitative. These two categories further breakdown into a total six categories to describe how people intervene when helping. Authoritative Interventions are Prescriptive, which is giving advice, Informative where you provide information to guide the other person, Confronting- you challenge the other persons behaviour in an unaggressive attitude. Facilitative Interventions include: Cathartic-you help the other person to express and overcome thoughts or emotions that they have not previously confronted. Catalytic- You help the other person reflect, and they become more self-directed in making decisions. Supportive- You build up the confidence of the other person by focusing on their competences, qualities and achievements. A multi disciplinary team (MDTs) is important in the care of a patient. A multi disciplinary team is a group of professionals from different disciplines, who have a role in contributing to an assessment of an individuals needs. This should include two health professionals, i.e. nurse, clinician or therapist, as well as a representative from social care services, i.e. a social worker (NHS 2010). Chan (2004) argued that the main mechanism is to ensure truly holistic care for patients and a seamless service for patients throughout their disease trajectory and across the boundaries of primary, secondary and tertiary care. Multi disciplinary teams ensure a continuum in patients care and can be 24 hours. Different professions bring different type of care to the patient. MDTs can however come to conflict, if they demonstrate allegiance to their profession. Junor, Hole Gillis (1994) states that multidisciplinary team working is known to maximise clinical effectiveness, Multi disciplinary teams have enabled health professionals to adopt the clinical care pathways where different teams within the organization outline anticipated care, place an appropriate timeframe, to help a patient with a specific condition or set of symptoms move progressively through a clinical experience to positive outcomes. In a multi disciplinary team within a healthcare setting, one may expect to work with doctors, social workers, psychologists, occupational therapists, health care assistants (HCAs) and other related professions. A therapeutic relationship within nursing follows the code of professional code of practice which was set by Nursing and Midwifery Council [NMC], which acts as the governing body for nurses and midwives in the United Kingdom which was formed in 2002 by parliament. Its main objective is to safeguard the health and wellbeing of the public,(NMC 2008).The NMC outlines that Nurses should always uphold the patients respect at all times, it states that nurses should always treat people as individuals and respect their dignity. Nurses should respect patient confidentiality, and uphold it at all times, breach of confidentiality can lead to serious consequences for health professionals (NMC 2008) including disciplinary actions such as suspension or being struck off the NMC register. Consent is very important in patient care; its the opening avenue for any care that follows. NMC states the every adult must be presumed to have the mental capacity to consent or refuse treatment. Patient care is a lways going through different multi disciplinary teams therefore accurately record keeping is crucial, it should be factual ,not falsified, and clearly legible (NMC 2010), these are some of the factors that insure accurate information is passed on to different care givers to maximise effective care for the patient. Nurses endure different feelings and emotions when interacting or treating patients, which calls for them to be more self aware, Duval and Wuckland defines self awareness as a state in which one is aware of oneself as an object, much as one might be aware of a tree or another person (cited by Rana and Upton 2009. p142).For a nurse to be self aware they need to treat each patient as individuals and present themselves appropriately. Patients have a plethora of beliefs and values, which always come into play in any given care setting. Beliefs can be associated with patients religion and culture, such as that of Muslims, to only eat halaal meat, a nurse has to be aware of this dietary requirement and honour it. Equally beliefs also play a vital role in the treatment of a patient, so a provision to fulfil this should be met at all time, i.e. providing a chapel in the hospital. Values of a patient are crucial when in care. Downie, R. S. 1990 stated that values are preferences based on beliefs about objects, persons, or situations and are accompanied by feelings of approval or disapproval. Patients of a different culture will most certainly have different values based on what they were brought up on. On any given care setting, the way in which nurses present themselves to patients is of utmost importance, their body posture is a critical aid to supplement being self aware, and nurses can use SOLER (Egan 2001) to ensure they achieve this. In practice, the author recalls an incident when a 92 year old lady was referred to their practice for assessment on every Wednesday of the week. On arrival the lady would engage in social activities with fellow patients. The staff provide the lady with a menu relevant to her culture of West Indian background, The staff fulfilled their role in being self aware on her values and diversity, During the meal, staff began to talk about a holiday abroad and how the food made their bowel move rapidly, and how they really found the food disgusting. The lady did initially try to express her frustration of the conversations the staff were having whilst she was trying to enjoy. She eventually stopped having her meal as she found it not appetizing anymore, staff recorded that the patient had poor dietary at dinner time, and they were not self aware that they were the catalyst for the poor intake of her food. Had the staff been more self aware of their presentations, they would have considered that different cultures have different table manners. In conclusion an effective therapeutic relationship is accomplished by good verbal and non verbal communication. Respecting individuality, beliefs, values, this promotes good recovery and openness between nurse and patient. A therapeutic relationship is not just between a patients and nurse but can, and often extends to other multi disciplinary teams. The therapeutic relationship can never be stated as fully complete, but can be made more effective, because different patients have different opinions i.e. different experiences in previous care, and different values and beliefs.

The Significance of Religion in Hamlet Essay -- Hamlet Essays

Summary -The tragedy of Hamlet is one of the most important of Shakespeare’s plays and one that is published and performed as part of the rainbow of world literature. This paper investigates the role of religion for the characters and their actions, and presents a new interpretation using religion to understand the characters’ motives. The paper concludes that although Christianity is the main influence on Hamlet, Shakespeare also used Grecian religious symbols. Hamlet suffered from a psychological shock, then re-evaluated the events around him in light of his religious views. Hamlet reveals how Shakespeare used his ability in rhetoric to create a religious message about the church and re-created the values of right and wrong according to his own view. ******************************************************************************** Undoubtedly, it is difficult to find free space in the land of the battle which thousands of horses’ hooves have crushed; similarly, when researching Hamlet, one finds a plethora of papers in diverse fields including philosophy, religion, feminism, literature, psychology, culture, and history covering a wide range of aspects of the play. This study examines the function of religion for the people and events of Hamlet, offering a different perspective on the characters’ motives. The essay begins with a summary of the play, and then discusses the characters, especially the protagonist, to elicit the influence of religion. The central questions which this paper will address are: Are the characters ‘believers’? Was the main protagonist, Hamlet, a believer? Is faith given a positive or negative value in the play? To what extent does religion help us to illustrate and understand the play’s events? Was ... ...: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. Available from: http://books.google.com.sa/books?id=irM9AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA117&lpg=PA117&dq=%22+that+the+night-wandering+demons,+who+rejoice+in+dunnest+shades,+at+the+crowing+of+the+cock+tremble+and+scatter+in+sore+affright.%22%22&source=bl&ots=6S_hg403jd&sig=lBs136cVBCxXXStXAmQQTt9AxRk&hl=ar&ei=QnfQS7T4I4v3-Aap6YA0&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CBMQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22%20that%20the%20night-wandering%20demons%2C%20who%20rejoice%20in%20dunnest%20shades%2C%20at%20the%20crowing%20of%20the%20cock%20tremble%20and%20scatter%20in%20sore%20affright.%22%22&f=false [accessed 20 April - 2015] Voss, P. 2002 'Assurances of Faith: How Catholic was Shakespeare? How Catholic are his Plays?' Crisis 20, No. 7 (July/August), pp. 34-39. It is available from: http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/arts/al0147.html [Accessed 24 April 2015]

Key learning point Essay

Power refers to the extent to which one can satisfy their target goals, needs or desires. Power can be used either to dominate or control the other, or can be used to work together with the other party involved. Whichever way power is used it gives one an edge over the other party in negotiations. Information provides an important source and a means of acquiring power. Reason for Selection: Informational power comes from a person’s ability to assemble data to support his positions, arguments, or desired outcomes. This resource provides an important tool in challenging the other party’s position, or undermine their arguments or propositions during negotiations. Application to a business or personal situation: A year ago, I was talking to a doctor who was new at one of the centers I am marketing my pharmaceutical products. The doctor openly rubbished my product saying he had absolutely no scope for it in his medical practice basing his argument on the position of a respected doctor in the area of medicine in which my product is applied. What this doctor did not know is that from my market survey on my product and competitor brands momentum in the market, the doctor he claimed was the top prescriber of my product in that town . I provided the evidence and within a month I received a call from my manager that the doctor had placed an LPO for my product. Action or steps taken to improve: I read widely and extensively on new trends in my area of work; undertake market survey on different issues; seek the opinion of experts; attend seminars and conferences on various topics; and in general try to keep an open mind, maintain my curiosity about life and watch informative programs. References Squidoo (2010). A goldmine of journal Writing Prompts. Retrieved on 30th July, 2010, from http://www. squidoo. com/journalwritingprompts

Different types of ultrasound transducers

Ultrasound transducers are prepared for a diversity of functions and can be custom made-up when required. Cautious attention must be paid while choosing the correct transducer for the application and it is vital to choose such transducers that have the preferred bandwidth, frequency and focus to optimize assessment ability. Mostly transducer is selected either to improve the understanding or resolution of the structure. Transducers are categorized into groups according to their functions.Contact transducers are used for through contact examination and are normally hand manipulated and contain elements confined in a rugged casing to endure sliding contact with a diversity of materials. These transducers encompass an ergonomic design so that they are simple to grip and go along a surface and frequently have replaceable put on plates to extend their useful time. Coupling resources of water, oils, grease or commercial resources are employed to eliminate the air gap involving the transduc er and the component being examined.Immersion transducers – These transducers do not contact the part, these are designed to function in liquid surroundings and all links are watertight. Immersion transducers generally have an impedance corresponding layer that assists to get extra sound energy into the water and in line, into the constituent being examined. These transducers can be acquired with a planer spherically focused or cylindrically focused lens. A focused transducer can advance the sensitivity and axial motion by focusing the sound force to a lesser area and are classically used within a water tank or as fraction of a bubbler structure in scanning applications.Contact transducers are obtainable in a diversity of configurations to advance their usefulness for a range of applications. A flat contact transducer is utilized in usual beam inspections of comparatively flat surfaces, if the facade is curved; a shoe that matches the bend of the fraction may necessitate to b e added to the facade of the transducer. If near facade resolution is vital or if an angle beam examination is required, one of the particular contact transducers illustrated below may be used.Dual element transducers – These enclose two separately operated elements in a particular housing, one of the elements broadcasts and the other accepts the ultrasonic waves. Energetic elements can be selected for their sending and receiving abilities to supply a transducer with cleaner waves. Dual element transducers are particularly well matched for making measurements in applications in the case where reflectors are extremely near the transducer, as this design removes the ring down consequence that single-element transducers practice.These transducers are incredibly useful when making width measurements of slim materials and also when examining for near facade defects. (NDT Resource Center, n. d. ). Delay line transducers – These offer versatility with a diversity of replaceab le choices; removable delay line, facade conforming casing and shielding wear cap alternatives can make a sole transducer efficient for a wide variety of applications. The main function of this transducer is to bring in a time delay among the generation of the sound signal and the influx of any reflected signals.This permits the transducer to end its sending job before it begins its listening purpose so that near facade resolution is enhanced. These transducers are created for use in applications such as elevated precision width gauging of thin resources and delaminating checks in compound resources. They are as well helpful in high-temperature measurement functions as the delay line gives some lagging to the piezoelectric constituent from the temperature. Angle beam transducers – These transducers and wedges are classically used to bring in a refracted shear signal into the test substance.Transducers can be acquired in a diversity of fixed angles or in modifiable versions. I n the fixed angle edition, the angle of refraction that is obvious on the transducer is only correct for a particular material which is typically steel. The angled sound pathway permits the sound beam to be mirrored from the back wall to get better detect capability of errors in and around welded surfaces. Normal incidence shear wave transducers – These transducers are exclusive since they introduce shear signals directly into a test part without the utilization of an angle ray wedge.Cautious design has facilitated built-up of transducers with negligible longitudinal wave infectivity. Paint brush transducers – Paint brush transducers are elongated and thin transducers and are prepared of a collection of minute crystals that are cautiously matched to reduce variations in recital and uphold uniform compassion over the complete area of the transducer. These transducers make it likely to scan a bigger area more speedily for discontinuities. (Piezo Technologies, n. d. ).

Psychologists Prescribing Drugs Issue

Psychologists Prescribing Drugs Issue Despite efforts by some psychologists to be given permission to prescribe drugs to their patients, most of them are still opposed to this idea. The controversy results from growing consensus among medical specialists that a good number of mental problems are treatable with appropriate medication.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Psychologists Prescribing Drugs Issue specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus psychologists see a number of patients who are in dire need of medication during the treatment yet the psychologists are not allowed to deal with medical prescriptions because they do not have a medical degree. This necessitates the consultation of multiple medical specialists by a patient while seeking treatment for a single mental illness that can be treated by one specialist. In most cases, patients are forced to seek the services of psychiatrists and family doctors to get their prescriptions. This paper lo oks into the necessity of giving permission to psychologists to give medical prescriptions and the repercussions of the same. Some people believe that the training that psychologists receive is insufficient for safe prescription of psychotropic medicine. Two things have to be put into consideration here. One is the requirement that is set as the basic qualification for practicing psychology and the additional medical knowledge that psychologists require in order for them to be in a position to prescribe drugs. The training for psychologists is composed of a training that goes for our years just as the training for physicians. Thus a psychologist holding a degree qualification has spent the same time as a physician in school. The psychology degree is substantially different from a medical degree in terms of course composition. Students studying psychology have the choice of taking elective courses related to biological sciences although the course is not medical-based. These courses include chemistry and basic biology courses. After completion of undergraduate degree they are required to take additional courses for an approximate period of seven years. During this period for additional courses, psychologists are involved in real practice in which they deal with real psychological cases in both inpatient and outpatient scenarios. Finally, they are expected to spend two years while treating mental disorders under the supervision of physicians and psychologists. After completion of a national exam for psychologists, they can then apply to be licensed for practice (Yates, 2007, p. 1).Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Psychologists can be rated as among the specialists with doctor-level training of the highest order. Additionally, if a psychologist wants to be given the authority to prescribe psychotropic medication, he/she is required to go for a m edical training for three years or more. Another reason why psychologists have a very valuable training is that, apart from the requirement of receiving medical training, psychologists with the right to prescribe are required to work hand-in-hand with the physician of the patient. Therefore, the combination of medical and mental training coupled with collaboration with experienced physicians makes them top-notch medical professionals. The requirement for psychologists to attend medical school, which is actively advocated for by psychiatrists, is necessitated by the need for psychologists to prescribe medication safely to their clients (Yates, 2007, p. 1). This is due to the aforementioned reason that psychologists do not have medical training and thus they need it to safely prescribe drugs. Although substantial controversy exists in relation to the effectiveness with which prescribing psychologists can prescribe drugs, they are arguably safer prescribers than their non-medical physi cian counterparts. This is partly because these psychologists get their license and indulge in real psychological practice even before their medical training starts. By the time these psychologists are given the go-ahead to prescribe psychotropic medications, they already have an approximate ten years of post-college training in the psychological treatment of mental disorders. On the other hand, physicians in primary care are only involved in psychiatry clerkship in the course of their studies at the medical school. The clerkship runs for a couple of weeks (Yates, 2007, p. 1). With this comparison, it is apparent that prescribing psychologists are able to prescribe psychoactive medications more safely than non-psychiatric physicians. In a research conducted on prescribing psychologists in the Department of Defense, it was proven that with appropriate medical training, psychologists were capable of giving safe prescriptions. There are also other non-physician prescribers like optomet rists, dentists, nurses, podiatrists etc. The studies that have been conducted on this group of non-physician prescribers show that they are more or less as safe as physician prescribers.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Psychologists Prescribing Drugs Issue specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It can thus be argued that psychologists who receive an appropriate medical training are as good as other qualified prescribers in giving prescriptions. Furthermore, if prescribing psychologists and the other aforementioned non-physician prescribers were not prescribing safely, there will indubitably be substantial outcry from the public demanding intervention from regulation bodies (Yates, 2007, p. 1). Two states in the United States, New Mexico and Louisiana, have already passed legislation giving qualified psychologists the permission to give psychoactive prescriptions. In these states, caution has been taken in the le gislation to ensure that the public are safe from the negative repercussions of the legislation. For instance, in the state of New Mexico, a psychologist will receive a certificate for prescription with the limited period of two years and with the condition that his/her prescriptions will be given under the keen supervision of a qualified physician. On completion of this period, a psychologist is expected to take a national examination and upon passing it, be certified for prescription without supervision. Even after obtaining this permission for unsupervised prescription, the psychologist is expected to collaborate closely with the primary care physician of the patient in order to give psychoactive prescriptions. In Louisiana, even after passing the national examination and completing the aforementioned training, a prescribing psychologist is supposed to work in close collaboration with the primary care physician of the patient in making prescriptions to the patient (Yates, 2007, p . 1). Apart from the discussed thorough training and the legislative framework for safeguarding patients, it is commendable that psychologists have more regular follow-up meetings with their patients than other practitioners. Psychologists normally have weekly or bi-weekly follow-up meetings with their patients as opposed to primary care physicians who only see their patients for intervention in acute medical problems. The stated frequency of visits builds trust and openness of communication between the psychologist and his/her patient which is very instrumental in any prescription for potentially harmful medicine.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In comparison with the stated primary care physicians, psychologists have the ability to take better and timely care of medication side effects in order to ensure that medication achieves the best effects on the patients to whom they are prescribed (Yates, 2007, p. 1). As evidenced in the discussion above, the measures that are put in place in states which have allowed psychologists to prescribe psychoactive medication to their patients are sufficient to safeguard mental patients. It has also been shown that psychologists undergo thorough training that makes them professions in their field of practice and thus they are bound to prescribe safe medication to their patients since they have all then skills and experience. It has even been proved that psychologists are safer prescribers of psychotropic medicine than patient physicians and a couple of other medical specialists (Yates, 2007, p. 1). The states which are left behind in adopting this legislation should thus consider the safet y with which psychologists in New Mexico and Louisiana prescribe medication to their patients and also evaluate the damage that could accrue due to procrastination on the legislation. This will make them realize the importance of the discussed legislation on the lives of the American people and thus psychologists will eventually get permission to prescribe medication to their patients in all American States. Despite the advantages that may come with the adoption of the aforementioned legislation, a number of loopholes may be created by the legislation. It is, thus, desirable that as states adopt the legislation of allowing psychologist to prescribe medication to their patients, care be taken to ensure that essential instruments are put in place to iron out all the exploitable weaknesses in the legislation. Strict requirements for licensing, as in New Mexico and Louisiana, should also be put in place to ensure that licenses are issued to credible psychologists whose skills will help to save and better people’s lives. This way, the legislation is bound to bring positive changes in Medicare. Reference List Yates, D. (2007). Patient Safety Forum: Should Psychologists Have Prescribing authority. Web.

Labor market equilibrium Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Labor market equilibrium - Assignment Example Workers want to work at highest wage rates while firms want to hire at lowest wage rates. This keeps on pulling the demand and supply curves up and down and hence the equilibrium keeps shifting from one point to another. Hence, these supply and demand patterns in the labor market largely affect the market equilibrium. Suppose there is an equilibrium position in the labor market. Then, many new graduates enter the market and the supply of labor increases. When there is excess supply in the market, the employers have a free hand at the wage-rate and they can hire workers at lower wage rate and the equilibrium shifts inwards. However, if the workers are being paid less than other related industries, or cannot find a job altogether, they might start switching to the industries that pay higher or might start their own business. They may also resort to starting their own business and become self-employed, or might stop looking for a job and start relying on other sources of income dropping out of the labor force altogether, or they may become unemployed. This reduces the supply of labor. At this point in time, the supply of labor decreases than the demand and the employers are forced to increase the wage rates in order to attract the workers needed. This shifts the equilibrium back outwards. This increase and decrease and supply and demand keeps on taking place as the employers continuously tend to minimize wage rates and workers keep on demanding higher wages affecting the supply of labor accordingly. This in turn keeps on moving the equilibrium inward and outward as the demand and supply continue attempting to reach

How to increase customers commitment and loyalty to the products Research Paper

How to increase customers commitment and loyalty to the products - Research Paper Example Commitment, as Jones et al. outline, has some specific characteristics. First of all, it is targeted – a person can be committed to different things, including company’s product or the company itself. The subject of the commitment is, thus, what connects an individual with the organization through the person’s psychological attachment. Secondly, commitment may take different forms. Among them are affective, normative and continuance commitment. Each type of commitment has a different psychological basis. Finally, each of the three types of commitment generates â€Å"different effects on various relationship-related outcomes†. This means that, depending on which type of commitment a customer experiences, the individual is more or less likely to be willing to maintain the relationship with the subject of commitment. Similarly, the type of commitment determines how loyal that individual is to the brand or company, and how likely he or she is to abandon the br and or company. Affective commitment, according to Gruen, Summers and Acito can be defined as a degree of customer’s psychological attachment to the commitment target. This type of commitment is based on customer’s positive feelings towards the subject of commitment and is a predictor of such responses as advocacy, co-production, willingness to pay more, as well as the number of purchased items. Therefore, in order to build affective commitment of a customer the company has to make sure its brand, product or service evokes positive associations. Such positive associations can be supported by good company image, its CSR activities, or simply well-designed advertising campaign. Normative commitment is based on person’s feeling of being obliged to the subject of commitment. This feeling is usually evoked by certain social norms and social pressure for acting in a certain manner. Feeling obliged, the customer is more willing to help the company by means of, for instance, paying more for its product, helping in some way or recommending the product to others, thus also helping the organization. This type of commitment is more appropriate for organizations that are able to devote their resources to serving some positive social projects. For instance, a company might tell that it will send part from the received revenue to hungry children of Africa. In this situation an individual might choose this particular company to buy from because he or she feels obliged to help the children. Continuance commitment is based on â€Å"perceived costs associated with terminating the relationship† (Jones et al. 2010, 24). If, for instance, there are no alternatives to some product, or the customer has already invested much into certain company, the customer may feel continuance commitment. The cost of switching to another brand (product, company, etc.) is considered by such a client to be too high. In comparison to emotional affective and moral normative commitment, conti nuance commitment is the most rational form of commitment. Continuance comm